There are two book books by Bosch. The first one is "Diesel distributer fuel-injection pumps" for the VEpump. That one may still be available on this site for download. Check the sticky sections for that one. The other book is also by Bosch and is, "Diesel fuel-injection an Overview". This book goes into:
Diesel engine, diesel cycle and operation, diesel fuels, fuel management. It also goes into controlling exhaust gas emissions. Fuel management goes into injection timing, one of the most important area to have a good knowledge of. Most of the information in the second book can be learned through these forums.